Today, migrate a few windows from smaller SSD larger one.
Use dd command to duplicate from old device to new device
Use Partition Assistant - AOMEI to move the last partition to the end
Use disk manager extend partition.
dhclient -rdhclientdstat is a command to monitor current system performance.
apt install dstatdstat -D total,sda,sdbdstat(1) - Linux man page
Linux commands for measuring disk activity
LABEL is used in /etc/fstab and system boot, such as cmdline.txt and grub, to allow the mounting identify the filesystem..
In order to allow system recognize the LABEL, blkid needs to show the filesystem has the LABEL.
mkfs.vfat -n "label" /dev/XXXmkfs.ext4 -L "label" /dev/XXXmkfs.btrfs -L "label" /dev/XXXLABEL can be changed after filesystem created.
swaplabel -L "new label" /dev/XXX using util-linuxe2label /dev/XXX "new label" using e2fsprogsbtrfs filesystem label /dev/XXX "new label" using btrfs-progsreiserfstune -l "new label" /dev/XXX using reiserfsprogsjfs_tune -L "new label" /dev/XXX using jfsutilsxfs_admin -L "new label" /dev/XXX using xfsprogsfatlabel /dev/XXX "new label" using dosfstools
mlabel -i /dev/XXX ::"new label" using mtoolstune.exfat -L "new label" /dev/XXX using exfatprogs
exfatlabel /dev/XXX "new label" using exfatprogs or exfat-utilsntfslabel /dev/XXX "new label" using ntfs-3gudflabel /dev/XXX "new label" using udftoolscryptsetup config --label="new label" /dev/XXX using cryptsetupPersistent block device naming
How do I change the "label" reported by lsblk? [duplicate]
Overlay filesystem merges lower and upper directories into merged directory.
mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/lower1:/lower2:/lower3,upperdir=/upper,workdir=/work /mergedThe above example will have the order:
/upper
/lower1
/lower2
/lower3
To mount as read only, no upper and work directory are required.
mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/lower1:/lower2 /mergedWhiteout is to simulate a file removed from upper layer directory. It is created as a character device with 0/0 device number.
Opaque is to simulate a directory removed from upper layer directory. It is made by setting the xattr “trusted.overlay.opaque” to “y”.
Overlay filesystem
Overlay Filesystem
Explaining OverlayFS – What it Does and How it Works
Just got Keychron keyboard, with hot swap, which can easily switch between two Mac machines easily. Some issues struggle me for a while.
The major difference between normal Mac keyboard and Keychron keyboard is reject button, so need to use another combination of keys for sleep instead, which uses power button. But my old iMac power button has issue as well.
Then when I put iMac to sleep, then try to switch to Mac Mini, the keyboard wakes iMac up. To overcome this issue, I tried to use mouse, but I can not move the mouse as well, it also wakes iMac up.
After search internet, people give a solution, that is using mouse to sleep, then lift it up, after that make it upside down. Then I did the same thing, except switch it off, because my mouse got light.
Because of the switching between MacOS and Windows or Linux via a physical button, it isn't that easy, and the manual mentions do not do it often, otherwise, can cause issue.
There are quite number of tasks may want to be executed in one filesystem, this is important during troubleshooting, especially for root directory (/).
Restrict find command only looking entries within one filesystem, use option -xdev
find /usr -xdev ...Restrict du command only calculate for one filesystem, use option -x
du -cshx /Restrict tar command only archive files in one filesystem, use option --one-file-system
tar --one-file-system -czvf /tmp/root.tgz /These commands might not workable in some Unix like systems.
netstat -ltnp
netstat -peanutlsof -i :80fuser 80/tcp
ss -nlp
``
## References
[3 Ways to Find Out Which Process Listening on a Particular Port](https://www.tecmint.com/find-out-which-process-listening-on-a-particular-port/)find commandUse following command can remove empty directories which may have empty directories in them. The -depth will sort the output according to the depth of directories.
find . -type d -depth -exec rmdir {} \;Note: Just ignore error due to directory not empty
rmdir commandFirst, need to know how deep of your directory, then can run following command
rmdir */*/*/*
rmdir */*/*
rmdir */*
rmdir *Note: This can cause too many arguments error or command line too long error for large directory.
sudo dmidecode -t 2
lshwsudo dmidecode | lesslspcilsusbcat /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/board_{vendor,name,version}dmesg | grep DMI:hardinfo
cpu-g
lshw-gtk
PerlMon